diff --git a/SmartAquaViewer/ViewModel/GraphControlViewModel.cs b/SmartAquaViewer/ViewModel/GraphControlViewModel.cs
index d540bb1..aedb43a 100644
--- a/SmartAquaViewer/ViewModel/GraphControlViewModel.cs
+++ b/SmartAquaViewer/ViewModel/GraphControlViewModel.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
         private void ApplyCommonAxisSettings(Axis axis, string title, AxisPosition position)
         {
             axis.Position = position;
-            axis.Title = title;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(title)) axis.Title = title;
             axis.TitleFontSize = 14;
             axis.FontSize = 12;
             axis.MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid;
@@ -150,20 +150,19 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
             Model.Axes.Clear();
             var xAxis = new DateTimeAxis
             {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
-                Title = "시간",
                 StringFormat = "HH:mm:ss",
                 IntervalType = DateTimeIntervalType.Minutes,
-                MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot,
             };
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(xAxis, "시간", AxisPosition.Bottom);
+
             var yAxis = new LinearAxis
             {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Left,
-                Title = dataType == DataType.Energy ? "전력 (kW)" : "온실가스 (tCO₂)",
                 MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
                 MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
             };
+            string yTitle = dataType == DataType.Energy ? "전력 (kW)" : "온실가스 (tCO₂)";
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(yAxis, yTitle, AxisPosition.Left);
+
             Model.Axes.Add(xAxis);
             Model.Axes.Add(yAxis);
 
@@ -221,27 +220,14 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
             Axis xAxis = xIsTime
                 ? new DateTimeAxis
                 {
-                    Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
-                    Title = xField.Display,
                     StringFormat = "HH:mm:ss",
                     IntervalType = DateTimeIntervalType.Minutes,
-                    MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                    MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
                 }
-                : new LinearAxis
-                {
-                    Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
-                    Title = xField.Display,
-                    MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                    MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
-                };
-            var yAxis = new LinearAxis
-            {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Left,
-                Title = yField!.Display,
-                MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
-            };
+                : new LinearAxis();
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(xAxis, xField.Display, AxisPosition.Bottom);
+
+            var yAxis = new LinearAxis();
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(yAxis, yField.Display, AxisPosition.Left);
 
             Model.Axes.Add(xAxis);
             Model.Axes.Add(yAxis);
@@ -315,18 +301,15 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
             // 축
             var xAxis = new CategoryAxis
             {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
                 GapWidth = 0.3,
                 IsPanEnabled = false,
                 IsZoomEnabled = false
             };
-            var yAxis = new LinearAxis
-            {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Left,
-                Title = valueField.Name,
-                MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot,
-                MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid
-            };
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(xAxis, string.Empty, AxisPosition.Bottom);
+
+            var yAxis = new LinearAxis();
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(yAxis, valueField.Name, AxisPosition.Left);
+
             Model.Axes.Add(xAxis);
             Model.Axes.Add(yAxis);
 
@@ -418,24 +401,15 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
             bool xIsTime = string.Equals(xAxisField.Name, "RecordedTime", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
             Axis xAxis = xIsTime
-                ? new DateTimeAxis 
-                { 
-                    Position = AxisPosition.Bottom, 
-                    Title = xAxisField.Display,
-                    StringFormat = "MM-dd\nHH:mm" 
+                ? new DateTimeAxis
+                {
+                    StringFormat = "MM-dd\nHH:mm"
                 }
-                : new LinearAxis 
-                { 
-                    Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
-                    Title = xAxisField.Display,
-                };
-            var yAxis = new LinearAxis
-            {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Left,
-                Title = yAxisField.Display,
-                MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
-            };
+                : new LinearAxis();
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(xAxis, xAxisField.Display, AxisPosition.Bottom);
+
+            var yAxis = new LinearAxis();
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(yAxis, yAxisField.Display, AxisPosition.Left);
 
             Model.Axes.Add(xAxis);
             Model.Axes.Add(yAxis);
@@ -552,7 +526,8 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
                 Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
                 Title = "시간",
                 GapWidth = 0.2,
-                Angle = 45
+                Angle = 45,
+                TickStyle = TickStyle.None
             };
 
             foreach (var r in rows)
@@ -564,7 +539,8 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
             Model.Axes.Add(new LinearAxis
             {
                 Position = AxisPosition.Left,
-                Title = "값"
+                Title = "값",
+                TickStyle = TickStyle.None
             });
 
             foreach (var field in yAxisFields)
@@ -677,21 +653,15 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
             // X축: 시간
             var xAxis = new DateTimeAxis
             {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
-                Title = "시간",
                 StringFormat = "HH:mm:ss",
                 IntervalType = DateTimeIntervalType.Minutes,
-                MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
             };
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(xAxis, "시간", AxisPosition.Bottom);
+
             // Y축: 전력
-            var yAxis = new LinearAxis
-            {
-                Position = AxisPosition.Left,
-                Title = dataType == DataType.Energy ? "전력 (kW)" : "온실가스 (tCO₂)",
-                MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
-                MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot
-            };
+            var yAxis = new LinearAxis();
+            string yTitle = dataType == DataType.Energy ? "전력 (kW)" : "온실가스 (tCO₂)";
+            ApplyCommonAxisSettings(yAxis, yTitle, AxisPosition.Left);
 
             Model.Axes.Add(xAxis);
             Model.Axes.Add(yAxis);
@@ -792,8 +762,9 @@ namespace SmartAquaViewer.ViewModel
                 StartAngle = 0,
                 StrokeThickness = 0.5,
                 InsideLabelFormat = "{1}\n {0:F2}",
-                InsideLabelPosition = 0.8,
-                OutsideLabelFormat = null // 라벨은 내부만
+                InsideLabelPosition = 0.5,
+                OutsideLabelFormat = null, // 라벨은 내부만
+                FontSize = 14,
             };
             if (donut) ps.InnerDiameter = 0.6; // 도넛 모드